Types of Network Topology ?:-

 (Types of Network Topology?) Topology is defined as the arrangement of network nodes, cables, etc in a computer network. This arrangement gives a topological structure to a network. There are various types of node arrangement in a computer network.

 Types of Network Topology:-

• BUS Topology
•  STAR  Topology
• RING Topology
• MESH Topology
• TREE Topology
• HYBRID Topology

Let’s discuss the types of network topology in detail.

 Bus  Network  Topology:-

In a bus topology, the LAN network and network nodes are connected to the central cable known as the backbone of the network (or simple bus).  Each node communicates with the other node through this bus. This topology uses a single cable. A terminator is connected at the endpoints of the backbone to avoid bouncing of signals.

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Advantages of Bus Topology:

• Easy to install
• Low installation cost
• Useful for a small network like LAN

Drawbacks of Bus Topology:

• Breaks down  in case there is a fault in the network backbone or bus
• Higher maintenance cost
• Efficiency decrease if the number of devices connected to the backbone or bus increase
• Unsuitable for high data Traffic

Star Network Topology:-

In a star topology, there is a central node that transmits a message. Each node in a star topology is connected to the central node. The central node is often a  hub or a switch. Data from the source node is transmitted to the central node. The central node is the single point of failure in this arrangement.

Advantages of Bus Topology:

• If there is a node failure then, only that particular node is affected. All other nodes connected to the central node remain unaffected.
• Addition or deletion of network nodes in a star topology is easier and can be done without affecting the entire network

 Drawbacks of Star Topology:

• In case of a central node failure, there will be a complete network breakdown
• Installation costs are high as this layout request more cables

Ring Network Topology:-

In this arrangement, each network node is connected to exactly two network nodes forming a circular shape or a ring. This gives a continuous medium of data flow through each network node. The message is transmitted from the source node and is circulated around the ring until it reaches its destination node.

Advantages of Ring Topology:

• Reduced chances of collision
• Higher data transfer rate
• Addition and removal of nodes is easier without affecting the entire network

Drawbacks of Ring Topology:

• If the hub goes down, the whole system goes down
• Requires more cabling than the bus or star topology
• Performance depends on the central device
• More expensive because of the central device used

 Mesh Network Topology:-

In a mesh topology, each network node is connected to another network node. A mesh topology has a dedicated point-to-point link’s own data but also relays data from other nodes. It uses flooding or routing techniques. Every node cooperates in the distribution of data in the network.

This topology is usually used in wireless networks.

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Advantages of Mesh Topology:

• Suitable    for high data traffic 
• Robust and reliable network topology 
• Addition and removal of nodes is easier without affecting the entire network

Drawbacks of Mesh Topology:

• High installation and maintenance cost
• Higher redundancy
• Difficult network administration

Tree Network Topology:-

In a tree topology, network nodes are arranged in such a way that it appears that a star topology network is connected using the bus. Backbone cable signifies the stem of a tree and star topology network signifies branches of the tree. This topology is also known as  ‘Extended’ star topology.(types of network topology)

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Advantages of Tree Topology:

• Addition and deletion of network nodes is easier
• Easy maintenance
• Error detection and correction is easier

Drawbacks of Tree Topology:

•  If there is a fault in the backbone, then the entire network is damaged
• maintenance of network becomes difficult in case of addition of nodes
• Network scalabilty is  dependent on the cable type used

Hybrid Network Topology:-

Hybrid topology network consists of a combination of two or more than two different topologies.  For example, star-ring,  star-bus, types of network topology, etc.

Advantages of Hybrid Topology:

•  Reliability of network
• High level of fault tolerance

Drawbacks of Hybrid Topology:

• Expensive to install and maintain
• Maintenance is difficult as it is a combination of different topologies

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